GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer)
The
GIFT procedure, Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer, is a very effective technique for
infertility of various causes as long as there is a normal fallopian tube available. The
ovaries of the woman are stimulated by the use of injectable fertility drugs (Pergonal,
Humegon, Metrodin, Follistim, Fertinex, etc.) after preliminary down regulation with GnRH
agonist (Lupron, Buserelin, Synarel.) Frequent ultrasounds and urinary estradiol
measurements are performed to assess the response of the ovary, and at the appropriate
time an injection of HCG (Profassi) is given. Thirty-Four hours later in an outpatient
setting, a needle through a transvaginal ultrasound probe is used to retrieve all the
eggs. Following this, a mini or micro laparoscope (2 to 3-mm) is introduced through the
navel and two other 2-mm probes are introduced in the abdomen to allow cannulation of the
fallopian tube where up to four eggs and sperm are placed. The patient may be awake or
under general anesthesia for this procedure. Following this there is a short recovery
period and the patient goes home the same day. Sperm is collected several hours before the
procedure and prepared. In some
situations, the excess eggs can be fertilized and frozen for use in future cryo transfers
(frozen embryo transfer). The difference between GIFT and IVF is that fertilization does
not take place outside the body in GIFT but is allowed to happen naturally within the
fallopian tube. The embryo thus formed is allowed to develop again normally and then the
embryo enters the uterus for implantation in a time and manner regulated by the uterus and
fallopian tube.